Instead, the use of small micro-networks is seen as a viable alternative with a high commercial potential, able to integrate renewable energies and effectively manage and control the energy consumption. However, studies made by Gellings and Twidell have identified that implementing a large centralized network for generation and distribution of energy is not economically feasible in rural areas or NIZ. The incorporation of renewable energies to the grid would be especially beneficial for municipalities or towns in rural areas that do not have access to utilities companies and electricity services called Non-Interconnected Zones (NIZ). The micro-grid concept was born in the industrialization age and it consists of a vast centralized network that support the provision of electric service for many consumers, from primary electric sources usually based on coal or oil. Research on renewable energies has parallelly boosted the development of projects that seek the modernizing of energy generation and distribution systems by adapting and creating architectures of electric micro-grids with a higher rate of alternative or renewable energy use, and that offer a faster response to incidents or failures. As a response, renewable and non-conventional energies have gained strength for being considered as a desirable alternative. Palabras clave: Aplicaciones de micro-redes, arquitecturas de micro-red, ciudades sostenibles, desarrollo regional, energía asequible y limpia, red inteligente, objetivos de desarrollo sostenible.ĬURRENTLY, the conditions of climate change, greenhouse gases and other factors related to the production of electricity by sources such as coal, gas, oil and its derivatives, have created great concern around the world. Las tendencias observadas destacan cinco estrategias como las más relevantes, cuyas diferentes características contribuyen a una organización automatizada e inteligente de la distribución, el control y la supervisión de la electricidad de acuerdo con la oferta en función de la demanda. Este artículo clasifica y cuantifica los diferentes estudios relacionados con el tema, identificando y analizando las fortalezas y oportunidades para mejorar la aplicabilidad de las arquitecturas de micro-red. Se lleva a cabo un estudio de mapeo sistemático de las arquitecturas de micro-red para examinar las contribuciones experimentales y teóricas realizadas por la comunidad científica. Este artículo, por lo tanto, tiene como objetivo identificar, clasificar y comparar diferentes arquitecturas de micro-red, en función de su aplicabilidad y tendencias de investigación. El concepto de micro-red se centra en un uso controlado, monitoreado y altamente autónomo de la energía eléctrica apoyada en las tecnologías de la información, para optimizar la transferencia de energía, minimizar los riesgos y aumentar la calidad, eficiencia y confiabilidad del sistema. Una de las estrategias principales es el diseño de arquitecturas de micro-redes adaptables al contexto. Hoy en día, los proyectos en desarrollo buscan la modernización de los sistemas de generación y distribución de energía eléctrica. La generación y el consumo de energía son un problema importante en los diferentes países del mundo. Keywords: Affordable and clean energy, micro-grid applications, micro-grid architectures, regional development, smart grid, sustainable cities, sustainable development goals. The trends observed highlight five strategies as the most relevant, whose different characteristics contribute to an automated and intelligent organization of the distribution, control and supervision of electricity according to supply versus demand. This article categorizes and quantifies the different studies related to the subject, identifying and analyzing the strengths and opportunities for improvement in the applicability of micro-grid architectures. A systematic mapping study of micro-grid architectures is conducted to examine the experimental and theoretical contributions made by the scientific community. ![]() This article, therefore, aims to identify, classify and compare different micro-grid architectures, based on their applicability and research trends. The micro-grid concept focuses on a controlled, monitored and highly autonomous use of electric power supported on information technologies, for the optimization of energy transfer, minimize risks and increase the system’s quality, efficiency and reliability. One of the main strategies is the design of context-adaptable micro-grid architectures. Nowadays, projects under development seek the modernization of electric power generation and distribution systems. Generation and energy consumption are a major issue in different countries around the world.
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